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Neonatology: Caring for the Smallest Patients

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    By: Dhyan Patel Neonatology Note : This article is part of a student-run educational series on medical specialties, based on research and/or shadowing (in person or virtual), in order to educate other students who are interested in healthcare careers and may lack the ability to shadow specialists in their areas. Background The first moments of life are some of the most delicate ones. While many newborns transition smoothly into the world, others are born prematurely or with medical complications that require immediate and specialized care. Because newborns, especially premature infants, are still developing vital organs such as the lungs, brain, and heart, even minor complications can become life threatening.  Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics that is focused on medical care of newborn infants, particularly those who are premature, critically ill, or born with complex medical conditions. Neontologists work primarily in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs, w...

Rheumatology: Treating Autoimmune and Inflammatory Diseases

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    By: Dhyan Patel Rheumatology Note : This article is part of a student-run educational series on medical specialties, based on research and/or shadowing (in person or virtual), in order to educate other students who are interested in healthcare careers and may lack the ability to shadow specialists in their areas. Background The immune system is designed to protect the body from infections and harmful invaders. However, in some cases, it mistakenly attacks the body’s own tissues. When this happens, inflammation can develop in joints, muscles, blood vessels, and even internal organs. These conditions can cause chronic pain, stiffness, fatigue, and long term damage if left untreated. Rheumatology is the branch of internal medicine that focuses on diagnosing and treating autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that primarily affect the joints and connective tissues. Rheumatologists work to control inflammation, relieve pain, and prevent permanent damage to the body. So, what do t...